This lesson was jam packed with important information. It was a lot to take in, but I think I understood it pretty well.
The products are the same in Arrhenius acid/base reactions, a salt and a water. The strength of the salt is determined by the strengths of the parent acid and base. The compound "salt" is formed from the anion of an acid and the cation of the base.
Water can act as an acid because it can donate a proton, and it can act as a base because it can accept a proton to form the hydronium ion. An equilibrium is established in the process called, the auto-ionization of water. We then had to calculate the H+ and OH- required for certain examples, which was a bit easier than I thought it was going to be. An overall pretty good lesson.
Details About Arrhenius Acids/Bases
Very Useful Documents Over Calculating H+ and OH-
Conjugate and Strong Acids & Bases
These conjugate acids and bases come in pairs. Acids produce conjugate bases and bases produce conjugate acids. A conjugate acid is the substance formed when a proton is added to a base and a conjugate base is the remaining substance when a proton is lost from an acid. An example would be HSO4- + H2O producing SO4^2- as the conjugate base and H3O+ as the conjugate acid.
Strong Acids are acids that completely dissociate to produce H+ ions in a solution, weak acids don't completely dissociate. There is a list of strong acids such as Perchloric, Chloric and Hydrochloric acid. The rule is that the Oxygens have to outnumber the Hydrogens by 2 or more for the acid to be strong.
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| http://02.edu-cdn.com/files/static/learningexpressllc/9781576854846/Aqueous_Reactions_04.gif |
Video Over Conjugate Acids and Bases
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| http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/review/acid_base/conjugate_pairs.gif |
Titrations and Buffers
Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. It was helpful to know what titration was since we would be referring to it throughout the entire unit. In most cases we would need to find the concentration of the analyte by titrating the unknown solution. The chemical reaction was complete when a color change occurred in the analyte. This indicated that the endpoint has been reached. You knew how accurate you were by calculating the difference between the equivalence point and the endpoint, which is known as the titration error.
Very Helpful Titration Information
Titration Calculation Help
Very Helpful Titration Information
Titration Calculation Help
Characteristics of Acids vs Bases
Acids
Bases
Acid vs Base
- Taste sour
- Feel sticky
- Pink/Red Litmus paper
- Produces hydrogen ions
- Increases amount of H+ in a solution
- Breaks apart HCl-
- 1-6.9 Ph
- Bronstead-Lowery
- Donate protons (H+)
- Produce conjugate bases after the acid protonates
Bases
- Taste bitter
- Feel slippery
- Blue Litmus paper
- Produce hydroxide ions
- High OH- concentration=High Ph
- 7.1-14 Ph
- Bronstead-Lowery
- Accept protons that the acid donated
- Suck in H=
- Produce conjugate acids
Acid vs Base
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| http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/tiger/diagrams/acid-base/pH_scale.gif |
New Type of Lectures
This unit we really started using lecture supplement sheets more and more, and I loved it. It wasn't better just because we didn't have to write a ton, but they were more beneficial for the student. I used to be so focused on just copying down every single word on the smart board. Now, I could direct my attention more towards how the problems were being executed. I felt that I absorbed more and learned more this way. I hope we continue to use these beautiful pieces of paper to enhance our learning. Hopefully, this will translate into better test scores. :)
Murder Investigation Molarity Lab
This lab was just stupendous. I found it much more enjoyable than other labs due to the fact that this lab came with a backstory and a mystery to figure out. It makes the experiment more engaging and intriguing since we have something extra to discover. We did a great job throughout the lab and felt pretty confident with our choice of the culprit for Mrs. Scarlet's death. We figured this out from calculating the molarity of an unknown fatal substance. I hope we have more labs like this in the future.
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| http://www.chemtech.org/cn/cn206/images/5-molarity.gif |
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| http://www.nsta.org/main/news/stories/images/scope/0704/SafetyPic.jpg |
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| http://point5digital.com/tn/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/crime-lab.jpg |
More Molarity
Crime Scene Investigation Guide
Identifying an Unknown Substance
First Lesson of the New Year
This lecture was fairly smooth. I feel like I had a pretty good understanding of the lesson. The lesson was titled "Using Molarities in Stoichiometric Calculations" and it began with a very helpful flow chart. A key point that really helped me was the concept of "want/have" or "what you want over what you have". That concept really helped me through the first example and simplified the lesson. After that we learned two new key terms: endpoint which is the moles of acid = moles of base, and titrate= acid base reaction.
Stoichiometry & Reactions
Using Molarity in Calculations
Helpful Video Based on the Lesson
Stoichiometry & Reactions
Using Molarity in Calculations
Helpful Video Based on the Lesson
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| http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/introduction-to-chemistry-general-organic-and-biological/section_09/ea1d4940033105bd3e47086d18eb745a.jpg |
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| http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/principles-of-general-chemistry-v1.0/section_08/39d6d188709bfb7c4d18e1acfa53bead.jpg |
| https://figures.boundless.com/14274/full/slide2.jpe |
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