Conjugate and Strong Acids & Bases

These conjugate acids and bases come in pairs. Acids produce conjugate bases and bases produce conjugate acids. A conjugate acid is the substance formed when a proton is added to a base and a conjugate base is the remaining substance when a proton is lost from an acid. An example would be HSO4- + H2O producing SO4^2-  as the conjugate base and H3O+ as the conjugate acid.

Strong Acids are acids that completely dissociate to produce H+ ions in a solution, weak acids don't completely dissociate. There is a list of strong acids such as Perchloric, Chloric and Hydrochloric acid. The rule is that the Oxygens have to outnumber the Hydrogens by 2 or more for the acid to be strong.

http://02.edu-cdn.com/files/static/learningexpressllc/9781576854846/Aqueous_Reactions_04.gif

Video Over Conjugate Acids and Bases

 

http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/review/acid_base/conjugate_pairs.gif 

Titrations and Buffers

Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. It was helpful to know what titration was since we would be referring to it throughout the entire unit. In most cases we would need to find the concentration of the analyte by titrating the unknown solution. The chemical reaction was complete when a color change occurred in the analyte. This indicated that the endpoint has been reached. You knew how accurate you were by calculating the difference between the equivalence point and the endpoint, which is known as the titration error.

Very Helpful Titration Information

Titration Calculation Help 

Characteristics of Acids vs Bases

 Acids                                                                           

• Taste sour
• Feel sticky
• Pink/Red Litmus paper
• Produces hydrogen ions
• Increases amount of H+ in a solution
• Breaks apart HCl-
• 1-6.9 Ph 
•  Bronstead-Lowery
• Donate protons (H+)
• Produce conjugate bases after the acid protonates

Bases

• Taste bitter
• Feel slippery
• Blue Litmus paper
• Produce hydroxide ions
• High OH- concentration=High Ph
• 7.1-14 Ph
• Bronstead-Lowery
• Accept protons that the acid donated
• Suck in H=
• Produce conjugate acids 

 Acid vs Base

http://www.dlt.ncssm.edu/tiger/diagrams/acid-base/pH_scale.gif

New Type of Lectures

This unit we really started using lecture supplement sheets more and more, and I loved it. It wasn't better just because we didn't have to write a ton, but they were more beneficial for the student. I used to be so focused on just copying down every single word on the smart board. Now, I could direct my attention more towards how the problems were being executed. I felt that I absorbed more and learned more this way. I hope we continue to use these beautiful pieces of paper to enhance our learning. Hopefully, this will translate into better test scores. :)

Murder Investigation Molarity Lab

This lab was just stupendous. I found it much more enjoyable than other labs due to the fact that this lab came with a backstory and a mystery to figure out. It makes the experiment more engaging and intriguing since we have something extra to discover. We did a great job throughout the lab and felt pretty confident with our choice of the culprit for Mrs. Scarlet's death. We figured this out from calculating the molarity of an unknown fatal substance. I hope we have more labs like this in the future.

http://www.chemtech.org/cn/cn206/images/5-molarity.gif

http://www.nsta.org/main/news/stories/images/scope/0704/SafetyPic.jpg

http://point5digital.com/tn/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/crime-lab.jpg

 

 

More Molarity

Crime Scene Investigation Guide

Identifying an Unknown Substance

First Lesson of the New Year

This lecture was fairly smooth. I feel like I had a pretty good understanding of the lesson. The lesson was titled "Using Molarities in Stoichiometric Calculations" and it began with a very helpful flow chart. A key point that really helped me was the concept of "want/have" or "what you want over what you have". That concept really helped me through the first example and simplified the lesson. After that we learned two new key terms: endpoint which is the moles of acid = moles of base, and titrate= acid base reaction.

Stoichiometry & Reactions

Using Molarity in Calculations

Helpful Video Based on the Lesson

http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/introduction-to-chemistry-general-organic-and-biological/section_09/ea1d4940033105bd3e47086d18eb745a.jpg

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/principles-of-general-chemistry-v1.0/section_08/39d6d188709bfb7c4d18e1acfa53bead.jpg

https://figures.boundless.com/14274/full/slide2.jpe

First Lab of 2016

This lab was fairly easy. We picked our choice of food coloring as blue. Then we put that food coloring into a small cup and kept on extracting a sample of the previous solution and adding it with water. This caused the color to eventually disappear.